Shneiderman's Taxonomy 

Data
1D, 2D, 3D, Temporal, nD, trees, networks
More Data Types (Hanrahan): Text and Documents

Tasks
Overview, Zoom, Filter, Details-on-demand, 
Relate, History, Extract

[Shneiderman, The Eyes Have It: 
A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations]

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