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Question 1 [15 marks]

Consider the knowledge base KB:

a <- b & d.
b <- e & f.
c <- h & e.
d <- e.
d <- b & g.
e <- h.
g <- c & d.
h.

(a)

[5 marks] a isn't a logical consequence of KB. Explain what this means and show why a isn't a logical consequence of KB.

(b)

[5 marks] g is a logical consequence of KB. Give a top-down derivation for the query ?g.

(c)

[5 marks] Give Clark's completion of the knowledge base:

passed_each([],St).
passed_each([C|R],St) <-
    passed(St,C) &
    passed_each(R,St).